Anti-Human SHMT1 Polyclonal Antibody (HW423014)

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Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic (SHMT1) is a ~53 kDa protein. Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the reversible conversion of serine and tetrahydrofolate (THF) to glycine and 5,10-methylene THF, serving as a critical component of the folate cycle and facilitating one-carbon biosynthetic reactions essential for methionine, purine, and pyrimidine synthesis. While its central activity involves serine cleavage, the detailed catalytic mechanisms remain under study, including both retro-aldol cleavage of the PLP-serine C(alpha)-C(beta) bond followed by formaldehyde condensation with THF, and alternative nucleophilic displacement mechanisms of the C(alpha) atom of PLP-serine aldimine involving THF's N5 atom. Also catalyzes the cleavage of various 3-hydroxy amino acids, such as L-allo-threonine, L-threonine and 3-phenylserine, forming glycine and the corresponding aldehyde through a retro-aldol process; additionally, it catalyzes the formation of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate from 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate. Also functions as a hydroxytrimethyllysine aldolase (HTMLA) catalyzing the second step of the carnitine biosynthesis pathway and exhibits substrate preference with the erythro (S,S) configuration, and more efficiency with L-allo-threonine. In the nucleus, first functions as a lamin-binding scaffold protein that is essential for assembling the de novo thymidylate synthesis complex by co-localizing DHFR and TYMS with the nuclear lamina and anchoring the complex to DNA replication sites.