Часто задаваемые вопросы(FAQ)

Step-by-step nuclear/cytoplasmic fractionation protocol for WB: hypotonic lysis method, Buffer A/C recipes, NP-40 optimization, fraction purity markers (Lamin B1, α-Tubulin), and troubleshooting guide. Covers p-STAT, p-Smad, YAP, p-ERK, NF-κB, β-catenin nuclear translocation detection.

Research reagents for CD47/SIRPa studies. Covers the 'don't eat me' signal mechanism, therapeutic targeting strategies, and available antibodies, proteins, and biosimilars.

A practical guide to antibody storage and handling. Covers storage temperatures for different antibody formats, aliquoting strategies, the role of sodium azide and carrier proteins, signs of antibody degradation, and tips for maximizing antibody performance over time.

A practical guide to understanding and verifying antibody specificity. Covers common causes of cross-reactivity, the five pillars of antibody validation, species reactivity interpretation, and a step-by-step checklist for confirming antibody performance in your specific experimental system.

Complete pseudovirus neutralization protocol (Day 0–3) and receptor-blocking ELISA (sVNT) with plate layout, 4PL curve fitting, and troubleshooting for 7 common problems.

An overview of recombinant antibodies and why they are replacing traditional hybridoma-derived reagents in research. Covers production methods, advantages for reproducibility and engineering, format flexibility, and when to choose recombinant over hybridoma-derived antibodies.

An introduction to VHH nanobodies (single-domain antibodies). Covers their origin from camelid heavy-chain antibodies, structural advantages over conventional IgG, key research applications, and how nanobodies compare to traditional antibodies for imaging, intracellular targeting, and therapeutic development.

An overview of cytokines and chemokines for researchers. Covers major families (interleukins, TNF superfamily, interferons, chemokines, growth factors), their roles in immune signaling, and the research tools used to study them including recombinant proteins, antibodies, and ELISA kits.

A practical guide to blocking and permeabilization for immunoassays. Covers blocking agents (BSA, normal serum, casein, commercial blockers), permeabilization methods (Triton X-100, saponin, methanol, digitonin), application-specific recommendations, and troubleshooting non-specific background.

An introduction to surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and biolayer interferometry (BLI) for measuring antibody binding kinetics. Covers how each technology works, key parameters (KD, kon, koff), experimental design, and when to use SPR vs. BLI in antibody development and quality control.