Protein A/G purified from cell culture supernatant.
Accession
Q99988
Form
Liquid
Storage buffer
0.01M PBS, pH 7.4.
Please refer to the specific buffer information in the hardcopy of datasheet or the lot-specific COA.
Stability and Storage
Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Store at 4°C for short-term storage (1-2 weeks). Store at -20°C for up to 12 months. For long-term storage, store at -80°C.
Alternate Names
CTL002, CTL-002, CTL002, 2556646-63-8
Background
Growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15/MIC1) is a ~34 kDa protein. Hormone produced in response to various stresses to confer information about those stresses to the brain, and trigger an aversive response, characterized by nausea, vomiting, and/or loss of appetite. The aversive response is both required to reduce continuing exposure to those stresses at the time of exposure and to promote avoidance behavior in the future. Acts by binding to its receptor, GFRAL, activating GFRAL-expressing neurons localized in the area postrema and nucleus tractus solitarius of the brainstem. It then triggers the activation of neurons localized within the parabrachial nucleus and central amygdala, which constitutes part of the 'emergency circuit' that shapes responses to stressful conditions. The GDF15-GFRAL signal induces expression of genes involved in metabolism, such as lipid metabolism in adipose tissues.
1. Tsai, VW. et al. (2013) PloS one 8, e55174. PMID: 23468844
2. Tsai, VW. et al. (2014) PloS one 9, e100370. PMID: 24971956
3. Mullican, SE. et al. (2017) Nature medicine 23, 1150-1157. PMID: 28846097
4. Emmerson, PJ. et al. (2017) Nature medicine 23, 1215-1219. PMID: 28846098
5. Yang, L. et al. (2017) Nature medicine 23, 1158-1166. PMID: 28846099
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