Type 1 Diabetes Research Reagents

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease resulting from T cell-mediated destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells, affecting approximately 9 million people worldwide. Islet autoantibodies — against GAD65, IA-2 (PTPRN), ZnT8 (SLC30A8), and insulin — appear years before clinical onset, enabling presymptomatic risk stratification into stages 1–3. Teplizumab (anti-CD3ε) is the first FDA-approved therapy to delay T1D onset in at-risk individuals by modulating autoreactive T cells. Emerging approaches include low-dose IL-2 for Treg expansion, abatacept (CTLA-4-Ig) for T cell co-stimulation blockade, stem cell-derived islet transplantation, and combination immunomodulation strategies.

Research Use Only (RUO)Not intended for diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.

Type 1 Diabetes Research Reagents — key pathogenic pathways including islet autoantibodies (GAD65, IA-2, ZnT8), T cell-mediated beta cell destruction, CD3/teplizumab immunomodulation, and immune checkpoint targets

Fig. 1 Key pathogenic pathways and research targets in type 1 diabetes. Islet autoantibodies (GAD65, IA-2, ZnT8) predict disease onset; CD8+ T cells mediate beta cell destruction; CD3-targeted immunomodulation (teplizumab) delays progression; immune checkpoint pathways (CTLA-4, PD-1) regulate autoreactive T cell activity. Key research targets highlighted in orange.

abinScience provides validated recombinant autoantigens, monoclonal antibodies, reference antibodies, and ELISA kits for T1D research — including the complete islet autoantigen panel (GAD65, IA-2/PTPRN, ZnT8/SLC30A8), teplizumab (anti-CD3ε) reference antibody, and immune checkpoint antibodies (CTLA-4, PD-1, LAG-3, TIGIT) for Treg and immunomodulation research. All products are manufactured by our parent company AtaGenix Laboratories under ISO quality systems. Browse products below or contact us for custom antibody development.

Key Research Targets

GAD65 (GAD2) — GAD65 autoantibodies (GADA) are present in 70–80% of new-onset T1D patients and are the most commonly detected islet autoantibody. Anti-GAD65 polyclonal and recombinant antibodies (clone SAA1579), anti-GAD65/67 recombinant antibody (clone L127/12), and recombinant GAD65 proteins support autoantibody ELISA screening, epitope mapping, and GAD-based antigen-specific immunotherapy research.
→ Browse GAD65 antibodies & proteins

IA-2 (PTPRN) — IA-2 (islet antigen 2 / PTPRN) autoantibodies predict rapid progression to clinical T1D, particularly in combination with GADA. Anti-PTPRN polyclonal antibodies and recombinant IA-2/PTPRN proteins support multiplex autoantibody assay development, risk stratification research, and autoantigen characterization studies.
→ Browse IA-2 / PTPRN antibodies & proteins

ZnT8 (SLC30A8) — ZnT8 autoantibodies (ZnT8A) are present in 60–80% of new-onset T1D patients and complement GADA/IA-2A in the diagnostic autoantibody panel. Anti-SLC30A8 polyclonal and recombinant antibodies support ZnT8 expression profiling, autoantibody detection assay development, and beta cell biology research.
→ Browse ZnT8 / SLC30A8 antibodies & proteins

CD3ε / Teplizumab — Teplizumab, the first FDA-approved therapy to delay T1D onset, targets CD3ε on T cells to modulate autoreactive immune responses. abinScience offers the teplizumab reference antibody alongside a comprehensive panel of anti-CD3ε reference antibodies (muromonab, otelixizumab, foralumab, visilizumab) and functional-grade antibodies for T cell activation assays and immunomodulation research. Anti-CTLA-4 (abatacept), anti-PD-1, anti-LAG-3 (relatlimab), and anti-TIGIT reference antibodies are also available for immune checkpoint and Treg research.
→ Browse CD3 antibodies & proteins

References

1. Herold KC, et al. An anti-CD3 antibody, teplizumab, in relatives at risk for type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(7):603-613. DOI

2. Insel RA, et al. Staging presymptomatic type 1 diabetes: a scientific statement of JDRF, the Endocrine Society, and the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(10):1964-1974. DOI

3. Atkinson MA, et al. Type 1 diabetes. Lancet. 2014;383(9911):69-82. DOI