ELISA, Immunogen, SDS-PAGE, WB, Bioactivity testing in progress
Species
Homo sapiens (Human)
Nature
Recombinant
Endotoxin level
Please contact with the lab for this information.
Purity
>90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Predicted molecular weight
14.58 kDa
Form
Lyophilized
Storage buffer
Lyophilized from a solution in PBS pH 7.4, 0.02% NLS, 1 mM EDTA, 4% Trehalose, 1% Mannitol.
Please refer to the specific buffer information in the hardcopy of datasheet or the lot-specific COA.
Reconstitution
Reconstitute in sterile water for a stock solution. Adjust the volume of sterile water so that, after reconstitution, the final stock concentration matches the value indicated on the product label or datasheet.
RECONSTITUTION PROTOCOL 1. Allow the product to be reconstituted and the reconstitution diluent to reach room temperature. 2. Tap or briefly centrifuge the product vial before opening to dislodge any lyophilized material that may be dispersed on the wall or cap of the vial. 3. Use the diluent and stock concentration recommended in the product datasheet. If preparing a stock concentration higher than recommended, contact Technical Service. 4. After adding the diluent, re-cap the vial and invert gently by hand or place on a slow rocking platform to allow the reconstitution diluent to coat all the surfaces inside the vial. Note: Do not mix by vortexing or by pipetting the material up and down. 5. Allow the vial to sit at room temperature with gentle agitation for at least 15 minutes before aliquotting or using. 6. Store the reconstituted material in single use aliquots in polypropylene or siliconized tubes. Aliquots of 10 μL or larger are recommended.
Shipping
In general, proteins are provided as lyophilized powder/frozen liquid. They are shipped out with dry ice/blue ice unless customers require otherwise.
Stability and Storage
Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze thaw cycles. Store at 2 to 8°C for frequent use. Store at -20 to -80°C for twelve months from the date of receipt.
Growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15/MIC1) is a ~34 kDa protein. Hormone produced in response to various stresses to confer information about those stresses to the brain, and trigger an aversive response, characterized by nausea, vomiting, and/or loss of appetite. The aversive response is both required to reduce continuing exposure to those stresses at the time of exposure and to promote avoidance behavior in the future. Acts by binding to its receptor, GFRAL, activating GFRAL-expressing neurons localized in the area postrema and nucleus tractus solitarius of the brainstem. It then triggers the activation of neurons localized within the parabrachial nucleus and central amygdala, which constitutes part of the 'emergency circuit' that shapes responses to stressful conditions. The GDF15-GFRAL signal induces expression of genes involved in metabolism, such as lipid metabolism in adipose tissues.
1. Tsai, VW. et al. (2013) PloS one 8, e55174. PMID: 23468844
2. Tsai, VW. et al. (2014) PloS one 9, e100370. PMID: 24971956
3. Mullican, SE. et al. (2017) Nature medicine 23, 1150-1157. PMID: 28846097
4. Emmerson, PJ. et al. (2017) Nature medicine 23, 1215-1219. PMID: 28846098
5. Yang, L. et al. (2017) Nature medicine 23, 1158-1166. PMID: 28846099
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