Localized PD-1 CAR T therapy reprograms neuroinflammation

Cell (Online now, 21 July 2026)

B cell-depleting therapies are effective in multiple sclerosis (MS), yet some patients relapse, underscoring the need for more precise interventions. To identify new therapeutic targets, we generated a single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) atlas of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), brain, and blood from non-inflammatory controls and patients with MS or other neuroinflammatory diseases. We found disease-associated enrichment of class-switched immunoglobulin G + (IgG + ) B cells and plasma cells in MS CSF. Unbiased analysis identified a rare disease-enriched subset of activated, T cell receptor (TCR)-restricted, PD-1 + T follicular helper-like cells with B cell-recruiting features. To target this population, we developed PD-1-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells that selectively depleted pathogenic PD-1 + CD4 T cells and locally released IL-10. This strategy attenuated central nervous system (CNS) inflammation, reprogrammed the local immune milieu, and improved clinical outcomes across murine neuroinflammation models.

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HS870021	Recombinant Human CD279/PDCD1/PD1 Protein	Recombinant Human CD279/PDCD1/PD1 Protein, C-His (HS870021) expressed in Mammalian Cells, spanning Pro21-Gln167. Purity: >90% by SDS-PAGE. Highlights ●His-Tagged — N-terminal 6×His tag for IMAC purification. ●Mammalian Expression — Proper folding and native glycosylation. ●High Purity — >90% purity verified by SDS-PAGE.

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Localized PD-1 CAR T therapy reprograms neuroinflammation

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