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B cell-guided inflammatory cascade perpetuates ICI-mediated colitis

Cell Reports

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is often accompanied by inflammatory toxicities including ICI-colitis. Therapeutic options are limited because the mechanisms that predict its onset are unclear. We uncover a role for B cells in triggering the intestinal inflammatory cascade following ICIs. An increase in circulating B cells, particularly those with gut-homing markers, antigen-presenting capacity, and proinflammatory cytokine production, is found at the asymptomatic stage in both patients and mice that are susceptible to ICI-colitis. Furthermore, a lack of B cells at the asymptomatic stage abrogates ICI-colitis by reducing the number of pathogenic intestinal T cells in mice.

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