| Background | Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3B) is a ~46 kDa protein. Constitutively active protein kinase that acts as a negative regulator in the hormonal control of glucose homeostasis, Wnt signaling and regulation of transcription factors and microtubules, by phosphorylating and inactivating glycogen synthase (GYS1 or GYS2), EIF2B, CTNNB1/beta-catenin, APC, AXIN1, DPYSL2/CRMP2, JUN, NFATC1/NFATC, MAPT/TAU and MACF1. Requires primed phosphorylation of the majority of its substrates. In skeletal muscle, contributes to insulin regulation of glycogen synthesis by phosphorylating and inhibiting GYS1 activity and hence glycogen synthesis. May also mediate the development of insulin resistance by regulating activation of transcription factors. Regulates protein synthesis by controlling the activity of initiation factor 2B (EIF2BE/EIF2B5) in the same manner as glycogen synthase. 2. Dajani, R. et al. (2003) The EMBO journal 22, 494-501. PMID: 125546503. Cho, JH. et al. (2004) Journal of neurochemistry 88, 349-58. PMID: 146905234. Yin, L. et al. (2006) Science (New York, N.Y.) 311, 1002-5. PMID: 164844956. Zaoui, K. et al. (2010) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107, 18517-22. PMID: 209378547. Beals, CR. et al. (1997) Science (New York, N.Y.) 275, 1930-4. PMID: 90729708. Welsh, GI. et al. (1993) The Biochemical journal 294 ( Pt 3), 625-9. PMID: 8397507 |
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