| Background | Interferon-inducible protein AIM2 is a ~38 kDa protein. Sensor component of the AIM2 inflammasome, which mediates inflammasome activation in response to the presence of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in the cytosol, leading to subsequent pyroptosis. Inflammasomes are supramolecular complexes that assemble in the cytosol in response to pathogens and other damage-associated signals and play critical roles in innate immunity and inflammation. Acts as a recognition receptor (PRR): specifically recognizes and binds dsDNA in the cytosol, and mediates the formation of the inflammasome polymeric complex composed of AIM2, CASP1 and PYCARD/ASC. Recruitment of pro-caspase-1 (proCASP1) to the AIM2 inflammasome promotes caspase-1 (CASP1) activation, which subsequently cleaves and activates inflammatory cytokines IL1B and IL18 and gasdermin-D (GSDMD), promoting cytokine secretion. In some cells, CASP1 activation mediates cleavage and activation of GSDMD, triggering pyroptosis without promoting cytokine secretion. 1. Woerner, SM. et al. (2007) Genes, chromosomes & cancer 46, 1080-9. PMID: 177267003. Fernandes-Alnemri, T. et al. (2009) Nature 458, 509-13. PMID: 191586764. Bürckstümmer, T. et al. (2009) Nature immunology 10, 266-72. PMID: 191586795. Tsuchiya, K. et al. (2010) Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 185, 1186-95. PMID: 205668316. Jin, T. et al. (2013) The Journal of biological chemistry 288, 13225-35. PMID: 235300447. Morrone, SR. et al. (2015) Nature communications 6, 7827. PMID: 261979269. Matyszewski, M. et al. (2018) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 115, E1963-E1972. PMID: 2944044210. Matyszewski, M. et al. (2021) Nature communications 12, 2735. PMID: 33980849 |
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