| Background | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZH2 is a ~85 kDa protein. Catalytic subunit of the PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex, a Polycomb group (PcG) complex that methylates 'Lys-9' (H3K9me) and 'Lys-27' (H3K27me) of histone H3, leading to transcriptional repression of the affected target gene. Able to mono-, di- and trimethylate 'Lys-27' of histone H3 to form H3K27me1, H3K27me2 and H3K27me3, respectively. Displays a preference for substrates with less methylation, loses activity when progressively more methyl groups are incorporated into H3K27, H3K27me0 > H3K27me1 > H3K27me2. Compared to EZH1-containing complexes, it is more abundant in embryonic stem cells and plays a major role in forming H3K27me3, which is required for embryonic stem cell identity and proper differentiation. The PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex may also serve as a recruiting platform for DNA methyltransferases, thereby linking two epigenetic repression systems. 1. Bracken, AP. et al. (2003) The EMBO journal 22, 5323-35. PMID: 145321063. Pasini, D. et al. (2004) The EMBO journal 23, 4061-71. PMID: 153859624. Bracken, AP. et al. (2006) Genes & development 20, 1123-36. PMID: 166188015. Kim, DH. et al. (2006) Nature structural & molecular biology 13, 793-7. PMID: 169367266. Bracken, AP. et al. (2007) Genes & development 21, 525-30. PMID: 173444147. McCabe, MT. et al. (2012) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 109, 2989-94. PMID: 223235998. Chu, CS. et al. (2014) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 111, 1355-60. PMID: 2447476010. Li, D. et al. (2018) Nature communications 9, 2829. PMID: 30026490 |
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