| Target |
h-cGAS, MB21D1, 2'3'-cGAMP synthase, cGAS, cGAMP synthase, Mab-21 domain-containing protein 1, Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase, CGAS, C6orf150 |
| Background | Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (CGAS) is a ~58 kDa protein. Nucleotidyltransferase that catalyzes the formation of cyclic GMP-AMP (2',3'-cGAMP) from ATP and GTP and plays a key role in innate immunity. Catalysis involves both the formation of a 2',5' phosphodiester linkage at the GpA step and the formation of a 3',5' phosphodiester linkage at the ApG step, producing c[G(2',5')pA(3',5')p]. Acts as a key DNA sensor: directly binds double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), inducing the formation of liquid-like droplets in which CGAS is activated, leading to synthesis of 2',3'-cGAMP, a second messenger that binds to and activates STING1, thereby triggering type-I interferon production. Preferentially recognizes and binds curved long dsDNAs of a minimal length of 40 bp. Acts as a key foreign DNA sensor, the presence of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in the cytoplasm being a danger signal that triggers the immune responses. 2. Sun, L. et al. (2013) Science (New York, N.Y.) 339, 786-91. PMID: 232584133. Kranzusch, PJ. et al. (2013) Cell reports 3, 1362-8. PMID: 2370706110. Kranzusch, PJ. et al. (2015) Molecular cell 59, 891-903. PMID: 26300263 |
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