| Target | Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9, CD137, 4-1BB ligand receptor, CDw137, TNFRSF9, T-cell antigen ILA, T-cell antigen 4-1BB homolog, ILA |
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| Background | Urelumab is a fully humanized agonistic monoclonal antibody targeting the CD137 receptor with potential immunostimulatory and antineoplastic activities. Urelumab specifically binds to and activates CD137-expressing immune cells, stimulating an immune response, in particular a cytotoxic T cell response, against tumor cells. Urelumab has been used in trials studying the treatment of Leukemia, Multiple Myeloma, Malignant Tumors, and Cancer-Solid Tumors and B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. The antibody product was developed using Medarex's UltiMAb(R) technology and was the first UltiMAb-derived antibody in clinical development by Bristol-Myers Squibb under the December 2003 agreement with Medarex. In December 2008, enrolment was stopped for all urelumab studies following the occurrence of two hepatotoxicity-related deaths. Several years later, the clinical study on Urelumab was restarted. At present, the approval of the monoclonal antibody has not been disclosed in the relevant drug approval agency.
• Analysis of 4-1BBL and laminin binding to murine 4-1BB, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, and comparison with human 4-1BB., PMID:9045669
• ILA, the human 4-1BB homologue, is inducible in lymphoid and other cell lineages., PMID:7849293
• CD137 (ILA/4-1BB), expressed by primary human monocytes, induces monocyte activation and apoptosis of B lymphocytes., PMID:10607752
• CD137 (ILA/4-1BB), a member of the TNF receptor family, induces monocyte activation via bidirectional signaling., PMID:9498794
• A soluble form of CD137 (ILA/4-1BB), a member of the TNF receptor family, is released by activated lymphocytes and is detectable in sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis., PMID:9485208
• CD137-induced apoptosis is independent of CD95., PMID:10469232
• CD137 activation abrogates granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-mediated anti-apoptosis in neutrophils., PMID:11093162
• Expression of CD137 and its ligand in human neurons, astrocytes, and microglia: modulation by FGF-2., PMID:13130507
• Comparative analysis of CD137 and LPS effects on monocyte activation, survival, and proliferation., PMID:10873573
• CD137 expression in tumor vessel walls. High correlation with malignant tumors., PMID:11293902
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